Lista de obras - Karen Faulds - Dominio Público Uruguay

1064 nm SERS of NIR active hollow gold nanotags

artículo científico publicado en 2014

3D optical imaging of multiple SERS nanotags in cells

8-hydroxyquinolinyl azo dyes: a class of surface-enhanced resonance Raman scattering-based probes for ultrasensitive monitoring of enzymatic activity

artículo científico publicado en 2007

A new approach for DNA detection by SERRS

scientific article published on 01 January 2006

A new class of ratiometric small molecule intracellular pH sensors for Raman microscopy

scientific article published on 16 July 2020

A novel nanozyme assay utilising the catalytic activity of silver nanoparticles and SERRS.

artículo científico publicado en 2017

An investigation into the simultaneous enzymatic and SERRS properties of silver nanoparticles

Analysis of Photothermal Release of Oligonucleotides from Hollow Gold Nanospheres by Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering

Analysis of intracellular enzyme activity by surface enhanced Raman scattering

artículo científico publicado en 2013

Analytical SERS: general discussion.

artículo científico publicado en 2017

Au@Ag SERRS tags coupled to a lateral flow immunoassay for the sensitive detection of pneumolysin

artículo científico publicado en 2017

Bacterial meningitis pathogens identified in clinical samples using a SERS DNA detection assay

Bayesian methods to detect dye-labelled DNA oligonucleotides in multiplexed Raman spectra

Bioanalytical Measurements Enabled by Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) Probes

artículo científico publicado en 2017

Biofluids and other techniques: general discussion

artículo científico publicado en 2016

Biosensing using silver nanoparticles and surface enhanced resonance Raman scattering

scientific article published on 09 August 2006

CHAPTER 11. Nucleic Acid–Nanoparticle Conjugate Sensors for Use with Surface Enhanced Resonance Raman Scattering (SERRS)

Characterization of condensed phase beryllium species in the presence of aluminium and silicon matrices during electrothermal heating on graphite and tungsten platforms

artículo científico publicado en 2011

Characterization of condensed phase species produced during the thermal treatment of metal chlorides on a graphite platform using surface analysis techniques

artículo científico publicado en 2004

Characterization of novel Ag on TiO2 films for surface-enhanced Raman scattering

artículo científico publicado en 2004

Clinical Spectroscopy: general discussion

artículo científico publicado en 2016

Combining functionalised nanoparticles and SERS for the detection of DNA relating to disease

artículo científico publicado en 2011

Comparison of Surface-Enhanced Resonance Raman Scattering from Unaggregated and Aggregated Nanoparticles

artículo científico publicado en 2004

Confocal SERS mapping of glycan expression for the identification of cancerous cells

artículo científico publicado en 2014

Control of enhanced Raman scattering using a DNA-based assembly process of dye-coded nanoparticles

scientific article published on 11 July 2008

Controlled SERRS Using Biologically Driven Nanoparticle Assembly

DNA Sequence Detection Using Surface Enhanced Resonance Raman Spectroscopy (SERRS) in a Homogeneous Multiplexed Assay

DNA Sequence Detection Using Surface-Enhanced Resonance Raman Spectroscopy in a Homogeneous Multiplexed Assay

scientific article published on 01 October 2009

DNA detection by SERS: hybridisation parameters and the potential for asymmetric PCR

scientific article published on 01 March 2020

DNA detection by surface enhanced resonance Raman scattering (SERRS).

artículo científico publicado en 2005

DNA detection using enzymatic signal production and SERS.

artículo científico publicado en 2011

Deciphering Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering Activity of Gold Nanoworms through Optical Correlations

Design Consideration for Surface-Enhanced (Resonance) Raman Scattering Nanotag Cores

Detection of Drugs of Abuse Using Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering

artículo científico publicado en 2012

Detection of Inflammation in Vivo by Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Provides Higher Sensitivity Than Conventional Fluorescence Imaging

article

Detection of Multiple Nitroaromatic Explosives via Formation of a Janowsky Complex and SERS

artículo científico publicado en 2020

Detection of SERS active labelled DNA based on surface affinity to silver nanoparticles

scientific article published on 21 March 2012

Detection of cardiovascular disease associated miR-29a using paper-based microfluidics and surface enhanced Raman scattering

scientific article published on 01 February 2020

Detection of cortisol in serum using quantitative resonance Raman spectroscopy

scholarly article by Kirsten Gracie et al published 2017 in Analytical Methods

Detection of potentially toxic metals by SERS using salen complexes

Determination of metal ion concentrations by SERS using 2,2'-bipyridyl complexes

article published in 2015

Development of a label-free Raman imaging technique for differentiation of malaria parasite infected from non-infected tissue

artículo científico publicado en 2017

Directed Assembly of DNA-Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles Using Pyrrole–Imidazole Polyamides

artículo científico publicado en 2012

Dynamic pH measurements of intracellular pathways using nano-plasmonic assemblies

artículo científico publicado en 2020

Elucidation of the bonding of a near infrared dye to hollow gold nanospheres - a chalcogen tripod

Enhancing the SERS properties of nanoworms by matrix formation

artículo científico publicado en 2012

Evaluation of surface-enhanced resonance Raman scattering for quantitative DNA analysis

artículo científico publicado en 2004

Evaluation of the number of modified bases required for quantitative SERRS from labelled DNA

artículo científico publicado en 2007

Extreme red shifted SERS nanotags

artículo científico publicado en 2015

Fabricating protein immunoassay arrays on nitrocellulose using Dip-pen lithography techniques

artículo científico publicado en 2011

Formation of SERS active nanoparticle assemblies via specific carbohydrate-protein interactions

artículo científico publicado en 2012

From synthetic DNA to PCR product: detection of fungal infections using SERS.

artículo científico publicado en 2016

Functionalisation of hollow gold nanospheres for use as stable, red-shifted SERS nanotags

artículo científico publicado en 2015

Functionalisation, Characterization, and Application of Metal Nanoparticles for Bioanalysis

Functionalised nanoparticles and SERRS for bioanalysis

Functionalized nanoparticles for bioanalysis by SERRS.

artículo científico publicado en 2009

Functionalized nanoparticles for nucleic acid sequence analysis using optical spectroscopies

artículo científico publicado en 2009

Fundamental developments in clinical infrared and Raman spectroscopy

artículo científico publicado en 2016

Growth and surface-enhanced Raman scattering of Ag nanoparticle assembly in agarose gel

High Figure of Merit (FOM) of Bragg Modes in Au-Coated Nanodisk Arrays for Plasmonic Sensing

artículo científico publicado en 2017

Highly sensitive detection of dye-labelled DNA using nanostructured gold surfaces

artículo científico publicado en 2007

Identification of condensed-phase species on the thermal transformation of alkaline and alkaline earth metal sulphates on a graphite platform

artículo científico publicado en 2004

Immunoassay arrays fabricated by dip-pen nanolithography with resonance Raman detection

artículo científico publicado en 2013

Importance of nanoparticle size in colorimetric and SERS-based multimodal trace detection of Ni(II) ions with functional gold nanoparticles

artículo científico publicado en 2012

Improved Versatility of Silver Nanoparticle Dimers for Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy

Improving the understanding of oligonucleotide-nanoparticle conjugates using DNA-binding fluorophores

artículo científico

In situ detection of pterins by SERS.

artículo científico publicado en 2009

Interaction of fluorescent dyes with DNA and spermine using fluorescence spectroscopy

artículo científico publicado en 2014

Introducing 12 new dyes for use with oligonucleotide functionalised silver nanoparticles for DNA detection with SERS

artículo científico publicado en 2018

Investigation of Silver Nanoparticle Assembly Following Hybridization with Different Lengths of DNA

Investigation of enzyme activity by SERRS using poly-functionalised benzotriazole derivatives as enzyme substrates

artículo científico publicado en 2006

LNA functionalized gold nanoparticles as probes for double stranded DNA through triplex formation

scientific article published on 20 March 2008

Label-Free Imaging of Lipid Droplets in Prostate Cells Using Stimulated Raman Scattering Microscopy and Multivariate Analysis

artículo científico publicado en 2022

Laser induced SERS switching using plasmonic heating of PNIPAM coated HGNs

artículo científico publicado en 2015

Mitokyne: A Ratiometric Raman Probe for Mitochondrial pH

artículo científico publicado en 2021

Mixed metal nanoparticle assembly and the effect on surface-enhanced Raman scattering

scientific article published on 05 November 2009

Mixed-monolayer glyconanoparticles for the detection of cholera toxin by surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy

artículo científico publicado en 2015

Multiplex imaging of live breast cancer tumour models through tissue using handheld surface enhanced spatially offset resonance Raman spectroscopy (SESORRS)

artículo científico publicado en 2018

Multiplex in vitro detection using SERS.

artículo científico

Multiplexed SERS for DNA Detection

artículo científico publicado en 2012

Multiplexed detection of six labelled oligonucleotides using surface enhanced resonance Raman scattering (SERRS).

artículo científico publicado en 2008

Nanoparticle assembly for sensitive DNA detection using SERRS

artículo científico publicado en 2012

Nanosensing protein allostery using a bivalent mouse double minute two (MDM2) assay

artículo científico publicado en 2012

Organoimido-Polyoxometalate Nonlinear Optical Chromophores: A Structural, Spectroscopic, and Computational Study

artículo científico publicado en 2017

Positively charged silver nanoparticles and their effect on surface-enhanced Raman scattering of dye-labelled oligonucleotides

artículo científico publicado en 2012

Precise Control of the Assembly of Dye-Coded Oligonucleotide Silver Nanoparticle Conjugates with Single Base Mismatch Discrimination Using Surface Enhanced Resonance Raman Scattering

Preferential Attachment of Specific Fluorescent Dyes and Dye Labeled DNA Sequences in a Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering Multiplex

article published in 2016

Present and Future of Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering

scientific article published on 08 October 2019

Prospects of Deep Raman Spectroscopy for Noninvasive Detection of Conjugated Surface Enhanced Resonance Raman Scattering Nanoparticles Buried within 25 mm of Mammalian Tissue

artículo científico publicado en 2010

Qualitative SERS analysis of G-quadruplex DNAs using selective stabilising ligands

article

Quantification of functionalised gold nanoparticle-targeted knockdown of gene expression in HeLa cells

artículo científico publicado en 2014

Quantitative DNA Analysis Using Surface-Enhanced Resonance Raman Scattering

Quantitative Enhanced Raman Scattering of Labeled DNA from Gold and Silver Nanoparticles

artículo científico publicado en 2007

Quantitative SERRS for DNA sequence analysis

artículo científico publicado en 2008

Quantitative Surface-Enhanced Resonance Raman Spectroscopy for Analysis

Quantitative detection of dye labelled DNA using surface enhanced resonance Raman scattering (SERRS) from silver nanoparticles

scientific article published on 14 July 2005

Quantitative detection of human tumor necrosis factor α by a resonance raman enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

artículo científico publicado en 2010

Quantitative simultaneous multianalyte detection of DNA by dual-wavelength surface-enhanced resonance Raman scattering

artículo científico publicado en 2007

Quantitative surface-enhanced resonance Raman scattering of phthalocyanine-labelled oligonucleotides.

artículo científico publicado en 2007

Raman Microspectroscopy Mapping Of Chocolate

Raman spectroscopy and regenerative medicine: a review.

artículo científico publicado en 2017

Raman spectroscopy of illicit substances

artículo científico publicado en 2007

Rapid Raman mapping for chocolate analysis

Rapid cell mapping using nanoparticles and SERRS

artículo científico publicado en 2008

Rapid prototyping of poly(dimethoxysiloxane) dot arrays by dip-pen nanolithography

Ratiometric Raman imaging reveals the new anti-cancer potential of lipid targeting drugs

artículo científico publicado en 2018

Ratiometric analysis using Raman spectroscopy as a powerful predictor of structural properties of fatty acids

artículo científico publicado en 2018

Ratiometric sensing of fluoride ions using Raman spectroscopy

scientific article published on 04 November 2020

Rationally designed SERS active silica coated silver nanoparticles ⬇️

artículo científico publicado el 10 de marzo de 2011

Recent developments and future directions in SERS for bioanalysis

artículo científico publicado en 2013

Resonance Raman detection of antioxidants using an iron oxide nanoparticle catalysed decolourisation assay

artículo científico publicado en 2017

Resonance Raman scattering of catalytic beacons for DNA detection ⬇️

artículo científico publicado el 14 de marzo de 2013

SERRS as a more sensitive technique for the detection of labelled oligonucleotides compared to fluorescence

artículo científico publicado en 2004

SERRS dyes. Part I. Synthesis of benzotriazole monoazo dyes as model analytes for surface enhanced resonance Raman scattering

artículo científico publicado en 2002

SERRS-based enzymatic probes for the detection of protease activity

artículo científico publicado en 2008

SERS Detection of Multiple Anti-microbial Resistant Pathogens using Nanosensors

artículo científico publicado en 2017

SERS Primers and Their Mode of Action for Pathogen DNA Detection

scientific article published on 11 January 2013

SERS activity and stability of the most frequently used silver colloids

article

SERS in biology/biomedical SERS: general discussion

artículo científico publicado en 2017

Sensitive SERS nanotags for use with 1550 nm (retina-safe) laser excitation

artículo científico publicado en 2016

Sensitive SERS nanotags for use with a hand-held 1064 nm Raman spectrometer

artículo científico publicado en 2017

Sensitive molecular diagnostics using surface-enhanced resonance Raman scattering (SERRS)

Separation Free DNA Detection Using Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering

artículo científico publicado en 2011

Sequence-Specific DNA Detection Using High-Affinity LNA-Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles

scientific article published on 01 November 2007

Silver Nanoparticle Dimers In Solution, Brighter Nanotags And Substrates For SMD

Silver and magnetic nanoparticles for sensitive DNA detection by SERS

Silver colloids as plasmonic substrates for direct label-free surface-enhanced Raman scattering analysis of DNA.

artículo científico publicado en 2016

Simultaneous detection and quantification of three bacterial meningitis pathogens by SERS

Single and double stranded DNA detection using locked nucleic acid (LNA) functionalized nanoparticles

Specific detection of DNA through coupling of a TaqMan assay with surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS).

artículo científico publicado en 2012

Stable dye-labelled oligonucleotide-nanoparticle conjugates for nucleic acid detection

artículo científico publicado en 2011

Stimulated Raman scattering microscopy with spectral phasor analysis: applications in assessing drug–cell interactions

artículo científico publicado en 2022

Study of the effect of nitric acid and metal-based chemical modifiers on graphite platform surfaces by Raman spectrometry

artículo científico publicado en 2009

Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy for Quantitative Analysis: Results of a Large-Scale European Multi-Instrument Interlaboratory Study

scientific article published on 21 February 2020

Surface enhanced Raman scattering for multiplexed detection

artículo científico publicado en 2011

Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS): Potential applications for disease detection and treatment

Surface enhanced resonance Raman spectroscopy (SERRS) for probing through plastic and tissue barriers using a handheld spectrometer

artículo científico publicado en 2018

Surface enhanced spatially offset Raman spectroscopic (SESORS) imaging – the next dimension

Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Investigation of Hollow Gold Nanospheres

artículo científico publicado en 2012

Surface-Enhanced, Spatially Offset Raman Spectroscopy (SESORS) in Tissue Analogues

artículo científico publicado en 2017

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and surface-enhanced resonance Raman scattering (SERRS): a review of applications

artículo científico

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering as a detection technique for molecular diagnostics

artículo científico publicado en 2009

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy for in vivo biosensing

artículo científico publicado en 2017

Synthesis and NIR optical properties of hollow gold nanospheres with LSPR greater than one micrometer

artículo científico publicado en 2012

Synthesis of size tunable monodispersed silver nanoparticles and the effect of size on SERS enhancement

Synthesis of unique nanostructures with novel optical properties using oligonucleotide mixed-metal nanoparticle conjugates

artículo científico publicado en 2008

Temporal imaging of drug dynamics in live cells using stimulated Raman scattering microscopy and a perfusion cell culture system

artículo científico publicado en 2022

The past, present and future of enzyme measurements using surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy

Through barrier detection of ethanol using handheld Raman spectroscopy-Conventional Raman versus spatially offset Raman spectroscopy (SORS)

artículo científico publicado en 2017

Through tissue imaging of a live breast cancer tumour model using handheld surface enhanced spatially offset resonance Raman spectroscopy (SESORRS).

artículo científico publicado en 2018

Through-space transfer of chiral information mediated by a plasmonic nanomaterial

article by Saeideh Ostovar Pour et al published 15 June 2015 in Nature Chemistry

Towards establishing a minimal nanoparticle concentration for applications involving surface enhanced spatially offset resonance Raman spectroscopy (SESORRS) in vivo

artículo científico publicado en 2018

Tracking bisphosphonates through a 20 mm thick porcine tissue by using surface-enhanced spatially offset Raman spectroscopy

artículo científico publicado en 2012

Tuning the interparticle distance in nanoparticle assemblies in suspension via DNA-triplex formation: correlation between plasmonic and surface-enhanced Raman scattering responses

article

Turning up the lights—fabrication of brighter SERRS nanotags

scientific article published on 22 June 2010

Ultrasensitive DNA Detection Using Oligonucleotide−Silver Nanoparticle Conjugates

artículo científico publicado en 2008

Utilizing Raman Spectroscopy as a Tool for Solid- and Solution-Phase Analysis of Metalloorganic Cage Host–Guest Complexes

artículo científico publicado en 2022

Lista de obras de Karen Faulds

1064 nm SERS of NIR active hollow gold nanotags

3D optical imaging of multiple SERS nanotags in cells

8-hydroxyquinolinyl azo dyes: a class of surface-enhanced resonance Raman scattering-based probes for ultrasensitive monitoring of enzymatic activity

A new approach for DNA detection by SERRS

A new class of ratiometric small molecule intracellular pH sensors for Raman microscopy

A novel nanozyme assay utilising the catalytic activity of silver nanoparticles and SERRS.

An investigation into the simultaneous enzymatic and SERRS properties of silver nanoparticles

Analysis of Photothermal Release of Oligonucleotides from Hollow Gold Nanospheres by Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering

Analysis of intracellular enzyme activity by surface enhanced Raman scattering

Analytical SERS: general discussion.

Au@Ag SERRS tags coupled to a lateral flow immunoassay for the sensitive detection of pneumolysin

Bacterial meningitis pathogens identified in clinical samples using a SERS DNA detection assay

Bayesian methods to detect dye-labelled DNA oligonucleotides in multiplexed Raman spectra

Bioanalytical Measurements Enabled by Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) Probes

Biofluids and other techniques: general discussion

Biosensing using silver nanoparticles and surface enhanced resonance Raman scattering

CHAPTER 11. Nucleic Acid–Nanoparticle Conjugate Sensors for Use with Surface Enhanced Resonance Raman Scattering (SERRS)

Characterization of condensed phase beryllium species in the presence of aluminium and silicon matrices during electrothermal heating on graphite and tungsten platforms

Characterization of condensed phase species produced during the thermal treatment of metal chlorides on a graphite platform using surface analysis techniques

Characterization of novel Ag on TiO2 films for surface-enhanced Raman scattering

Clinical Spectroscopy: general discussion

Combining functionalised nanoparticles and SERS for the detection of DNA relating to disease

Comparison of Surface-Enhanced Resonance Raman Scattering from Unaggregated and Aggregated Nanoparticles

Confocal SERS mapping of glycan expression for the identification of cancerous cells

Control of enhanced Raman scattering using a DNA-based assembly process of dye-coded nanoparticles

Controlled SERRS Using Biologically Driven Nanoparticle Assembly

DNA Sequence Detection Using Surface Enhanced Resonance Raman Spectroscopy (SERRS) in a Homogeneous Multiplexed Assay

DNA Sequence Detection Using Surface-Enhanced Resonance Raman Spectroscopy in a Homogeneous Multiplexed Assay

DNA detection by SERS: hybridisation parameters and the potential for asymmetric PCR

DNA detection by surface enhanced resonance Raman scattering (SERRS).

DNA detection using enzymatic signal production and SERS.

Deciphering Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering Activity of Gold Nanoworms through Optical Correlations

Design Consideration for Surface-Enhanced (Resonance) Raman Scattering Nanotag Cores

Detection of Drugs of Abuse Using Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering

Detection of Inflammation in Vivo by Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Provides Higher Sensitivity Than Conventional Fluorescence Imaging

Detection of Multiple Nitroaromatic Explosives via Formation of a Janowsky Complex and SERS

Detection of SERS active labelled DNA based on surface affinity to silver nanoparticles

Detection of cardiovascular disease associated miR-29a using paper-based microfluidics and surface enhanced Raman scattering

Detection of cortisol in serum using quantitative resonance Raman spectroscopy

Detection of potentially toxic metals by SERS using salen complexes

Determination of metal ion concentrations by SERS using 2,2'-bipyridyl complexes

Development of a label-free Raman imaging technique for differentiation of malaria parasite infected from non-infected tissue

Directed Assembly of DNA-Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles Using Pyrrole–Imidazole Polyamides

Dynamic pH measurements of intracellular pathways using nano-plasmonic assemblies

Elucidation of the bonding of a near infrared dye to hollow gold nanospheres - a chalcogen tripod

Enhancing the SERS properties of nanoworms by matrix formation

Evaluation of surface-enhanced resonance Raman scattering for quantitative DNA analysis

Evaluation of the number of modified bases required for quantitative SERRS from labelled DNA

Extreme red shifted SERS nanotags

Fabricating protein immunoassay arrays on nitrocellulose using Dip-pen lithography techniques

Formation of SERS active nanoparticle assemblies via specific carbohydrate-protein interactions

From synthetic DNA to PCR product: detection of fungal infections using SERS.

Functionalisation of hollow gold nanospheres for use as stable, red-shifted SERS nanotags

Functionalisation, Characterization, and Application of Metal Nanoparticles for Bioanalysis

Functionalised nanoparticles and SERRS for bioanalysis

Functionalized nanoparticles for bioanalysis by SERRS.

Functionalized nanoparticles for nucleic acid sequence analysis using optical spectroscopies

Fundamental developments in clinical infrared and Raman spectroscopy

Growth and surface-enhanced Raman scattering of Ag nanoparticle assembly in agarose gel

High Figure of Merit (FOM) of Bragg Modes in Au-Coated Nanodisk Arrays for Plasmonic Sensing

Highly sensitive detection of dye-labelled DNA using nanostructured gold surfaces

Identification of condensed-phase species on the thermal transformation of alkaline and alkaline earth metal sulphates on a graphite platform

Immunoassay arrays fabricated by dip-pen nanolithography with resonance Raman detection

Importance of nanoparticle size in colorimetric and SERS-based multimodal trace detection of Ni(II) ions with functional gold nanoparticles

Improved Versatility of Silver Nanoparticle Dimers for Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy

Improving the understanding of oligonucleotide-nanoparticle conjugates using DNA-binding fluorophores

In situ detection of pterins by SERS.

Interaction of fluorescent dyes with DNA and spermine using fluorescence spectroscopy

Introducing 12 new dyes for use with oligonucleotide functionalised silver nanoparticles for DNA detection with SERS

Investigation of Silver Nanoparticle Assembly Following Hybridization with Different Lengths of DNA

Investigation of enzyme activity by SERRS using poly-functionalised benzotriazole derivatives as enzyme substrates

LNA functionalized gold nanoparticles as probes for double stranded DNA through triplex formation

Label-Free Imaging of Lipid Droplets in Prostate Cells Using Stimulated Raman Scattering Microscopy and Multivariate Analysis

Laser induced SERS switching using plasmonic heating of PNIPAM coated HGNs

Mitokyne: A Ratiometric Raman Probe for Mitochondrial pH

Mixed metal nanoparticle assembly and the effect on surface-enhanced Raman scattering

Mixed-monolayer glyconanoparticles for the detection of cholera toxin by surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy

Multiplex imaging of live breast cancer tumour models through tissue using handheld surface enhanced spatially offset resonance Raman spectroscopy (SESORRS)

Multiplex in vitro detection using SERS.