Lista de obras -

A standardized nomenclature for cervical spine soft-tissue release and osteotomy for deformity correction: clinical article.

artículo científico publicado en 2013

Acetabular Anteversion Changes Due to Spinal Deformity Correction: Bridging the Gap Between Hip and Spine Surgeons

artículo científico publicado en 2015

Adult Scoliosis Deformity Surgery: Comparison of Outcomes Between 1 vs. 2 Attending Surgeons

artículo científico publicado en 2017

Adult Spinal Deformity: Epidemiology, Health Impact, Evaluation, and Management

artículo científico publicado en 2016

Assessment of Surgical Treatment Strategies for Moderate to Severe Cervical Spinal Deformity Reveals Marked Variation in Approaches, Osteotomies, and Fusion Levels

artículo científico publicado en 2016

Association between preoperative cervical sagittal deformity and inferior outcomes at 2-year follow-up in patients with adult thoracolumbar deformity: analysis of 182 patients

artículo científico publicado en 2015

Association of Patient-reported Narcotic Use with Short- and Long-term Outcomes After Adult Spinal Deformity Surgery: Multicenter Study of 425 Patients With 2-year Follow-up.

artículo científico publicado en 2018

Cervical mismatch: the normative value of T1 slope minus cervical lordosis and its ability to predict ideal cervical lordosis

scientific article published on 01 October 2018

Cervical sagittal deformity develops after PJK in adult thoracolumbar deformity correction: radiographic analysis utilizing a novel global sagittal angular parameter, the CTPA.

artículo científico publicado en 2016

Clinical Improvement Through Surgery for Adult Spinal Deformity: What Can Be Expected and Who Is Likely to Benefit Most?

artículo científico publicado en 2015

Clinical and radiographic parameters associated with best versus worst clinical outcomes in minimally invasive spinal deformity surgery

artículo científico publicado en 2016

Clinical improvement through nonoperative treatment of adult spinal deformity: who is likely to benefit?

artículo científico publicado en 2014

Clinically Significant Thromboembolic Disease in Adult Spinal Deformity Surgery: Incidence and Risk Factors in 737 Patients.

artículo científico publicado en 2017

Comparison of Best Versus Worst Clinical Outcomes for Adult Cervical Deformity Surgery.

artículo científico publicado en 2018

Comparison of Structural Disease Burden to Health-related Quality of Life Scores in 264 Adult Spinal Deformity Patients With 2-Year Follow-up: Novel Insights into Drivers of Disability

artículo científico publicado en 2016

Comparison of best versus worst clinical outcomes for adult spinal deformity surgery: a retrospective review of a prospectively collected, multicenter database with 2-year follow-up

artículo científico publicado en 2015

Comparison of patient and surgeon perceptions of adverse events after adult spinal deformity surgery

artículo científico publicado en 2013

Complication Rates and Maintenance of Correction After 3-Column Osteotomy in the Elderly: Report of 55 Patients With 2-Year Follow-up

artículo científico publicado en 2017

Complication rates associated with 3-column osteotomy in 82 adult spinal deformity patients: retrospective review of a prospectively collected multicenter consecutive series with 2-year follow-up

artículo científico publicado en 2017

Complications and intercenter variability of three-column osteotomies for spinal deformity surgery: a retrospective review of 423 patients

artículo científico

Complications in adult spinal deformity surgery: an analysis of minimally invasive, hybrid, and open surgical techniques

artículo científico publicado en 2014

Cost-utility of revisions for cervical deformity correction warrants minimization of reoperations

artículo científico publicado en 2018

Determinants of Patient Satisfaction 2 Years After Spinal Deformity Surgery: A Latent Class Analysis

artículo científico publicado en 2019

Development of a preoperative predictive model for major complications following adult spinal deformity surgery

artículo científico publicado en 2017

Does Minimally Invasive Percutaneous Posterior Instrumentation Reduce Risk of Proximal Junctional Kyphosis in Adult Spinal Deformity Surgery? A Propensity-Matched Cohort Analysis.

artículo científico publicado en 2015

Does Recombinant Human Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 (rhBMP-2) Use in Adult Spinal Deformity (ASD) Increase Complications and Are Complications Associated With Location of rhBMP-2 Use?: A Prospective, Multicenter Study of 279 Consecutive Patients

artículo científico publicado en 2013

Effect of Antifibrinolytic Therapy on Complications, Thromboembolic Events, Blood Product Utilization, and Fusion in Adult Spinal Deformity Surgery

artículo científico publicado en 2016

Effect of Obesity on Radiographic Alignment and Short-Term Complications After Surgical Treatment of Adult Cervical Deformity

scientific article published on 18 February 2019

Effective Prevention of Proximal Junctional Failure in Adult Spinal Deformity Surgery Requires a Combination of Surgical Implant Prophylaxis and Avoidance of Sagittal Alignment Overcorrection

artículo científico publicado en 2020

Effectiveness of preoperative autologous blood donation for protection against allogeneic blood exposure in adult spinal deformity surgeries: a propensity-matched cohort analysis

artículo científico publicado en 2015

Evolution in Surgical Approach, Complications, and Outcomes in an Adult Spinal Deformity Surgery Multicenter Study Group Patient Population

scientific article published on 01 May 2019

Grading of Complications After Cervical Deformity-corrective Surgery: Are Existing Classification Systems Applicable?

artículo científico publicado en 2019

Impact of age on the likelihood of reaching a minimum clinically important difference in 374 three-column spinal osteotomies: clinical article

artículo científico publicado en 2014

Impact of obesity on complications, infection, and patient-reported outcomes in adult spinal deformity surgery

artículo científico publicado en 2015

Impact of poor mental health in adult spinal deformity patients with poor physical function: a retrospective analysis with a 2-year follow-up

artículo científico publicado en 2016

Improvement in Back and Leg Pain and Disability Following Adult Spinal Deformity Surgery: Study of 324 Patients With 2-year Follow-up and the Impact of Surgery on Patient-reported Outcomes

artículo científico publicado en 2019

Indicators for Nonroutine Discharge Following Cervical Deformity-Corrective Surgery: Radiographic, Surgical, and Patient-Related Factors

scientific article published on 01 September 2019

Intraoperative alignment goals for distinctive sagittal morphotypes of severe cervical deformity to achieve optimal improvements in health-related quality of life measures

scientific article published on 21 March 2020

Magnitude of preoperative cervical lordotic compensation and C2-T3 angle are correlated to increased risk of postoperative sagittal spinal pelvic malalignment in adult thoracolumbar deformity patients at 2-year follow-up

artículo científico publicado en 2015

Maintenance of radiographic correction at 2 years following lumbar pedicle subtraction osteotomy is superior with upper thoracic compared with thoracolumbar junction upper instrumented vertebra.

artículo científico publicado en 2014

Male sex may not be associated with worse outcomes in primary all-posterior adult spinal deformity surgery: a multicenter analysis

artículo científico publicado en 2017

Novel Angular Measures of Cervical Deformity Account for Upper Cervical Compensation and Sagittal Alignment

artículo científico publicado en 2017

Orientation of the Upper-Most Instrumented Segment Influences Proximal Junctional Disease Following Adult Spinal Deformity Surgery

artículo científico publicado en 2017

Outcomes of Operative Treatment for Adult Cervical Deformity: A Prospective Multicenter Assessment With 1-Year Follow-up

artículo científico publicado en 2017

Outcomes of Operative and Nonoperative Treatment for Adult Spinal Deformity: A Prospective, Multicenter, Propensity-Matched Cohort Assessment With Minimum 2-Year Follow-up

artículo científico publicado en 2015

Patient Satisfaction After Adult Spinal Deformity Surgery Does Not Strongly Correlate With Health-Related Quality of Life Scores, Radiographic Parameters, or Occurrence of Complications.

artículo científico publicado en 2016

Patients with adult spinal deformity treated operatively report greater baseline pain and disability than patients treated nonoperatively; however, deformities differ between age groups

artículo científico publicado en 2014

Patients with spinal deformity over the age of 75: a retrospective analysis of operative versus non-operative management

artículo científico publicado en 2015

Pedicle Subtraction Osteotomy in the Revision Versus Primary Adult Spinal Deformity Patient: Is There a Difference in Correction and Complications?

artículo científico publicado en 2015

Postoperative Recovery After Adult Spinal Deformity Surgery: Comparative Analysis of Age in 149 Patients During 2-year Follow-up

artículo científico publicado en 2015

Postoperative cervical deformity in 215 thoracolumbar patients with adult spinal deformity: prevalence, risk factors, and impact on patient-reported outcome and satisfaction at 2-year follow-up

artículo científico publicado en 2015

Predicting extended operative time and length of inpatient stay in cervical deformity corrective surgery

scientific article published on 08 August 2019

Predictors of Revision Surgical Procedure Excluding Wound Complications in Adult Spinal Deformity and Impact on Patient-Reported Outcomes and Satisfaction: A Two-Year Follow-up

artículo científico publicado en 2016

Preoperative Planning for Pedicle Subtraction Osteotomy: Does Pelvic Tilt Matter?

artículo científico publicado en 2014

Prevalence and type of cervical deformity among 470 adults with thoracolumbar deformity

artículo científico publicado en 2014

Prospective Multicenter Assessment of All-Cause Mortality Following Surgery for Adult Cervical Deformity.

artículo científico publicado en 2018

Prospective Multicenter Assessment of Early Complication Rates Associated With Adult Cervical Deformity Surgery in 78 Patients

artículo científico publicado en 2015

Prospective multicenter assessment of perioperative and minimum 2-year postoperative complication rates associated with adult spinal deformity surgery

artículo científico publicado en 2016

Prospective multicenter assessment of risk factors for rod fracture following surgery for adult spinal deformity

artículo científico publicado en 2014

Radiographic Outcomes of Adult Spinal Deformity Correction: A Critical Analysis of Variability and Failures Across Deformity Patterns

artículo científico publicado en 2014

Radiographical and Implant-Related Complications in Adult Spinal Deformity Surgery: Incidence, Patient Risk Factors, and Impact on Health-Related Quality of Life

artículo científico publicado en 2015

Radiographical spinopelvic parameters and disability in the setting of adult spinal deformity: a prospective multicenter analysis.

artículo científico publicado en 2013

Reciprocal Changes in Cervical Alignment After Thoracolumbar Arthrodesis for Adult Spinal Deformity

artículo científico publicado en 2019

Reciprocal changes in cervical spine alignment after corrective thoracolumbar deformity surgery.

artículo científico publicado en 2013

Recovery following adult spinal deformity surgery: the effect of complications and reoperation in 149 patients with 2-year follow-up

artículo científico publicado en 2015

Recovery kinetics following spinal deformity correction: a comparison of isolated cervical, thoracolumbar, and combined deformity morphometries

scientific article published on 28 March 2019

Recurrent Proximal Junctional Kyphosis: Incidence, Risk Factors, Revision Rates, and Outcomes at 2-Year Minimum Follow-up

scientific article published on 01 January 2020

Reliability assessment of a novel cervical spine deformity classification system

artículo científico publicado en 2015

Reoperation rates and impact on outcome in a large, prospective, multicenter, adult spinal deformity database: clinical article

artículo científico publicado en 2013

Revision Surgery After Three-Column Osteotomy in 335 Adult Spinal Deformity Patients: Inter-Center Variability and Risk Factors

artículo científico publicado en 2014

Should Sagittal Spinal Alignment Targets for Adult Spinal Deformity Correction Depend on Pelvic Incidence and Age?

scientific article published on 01 February 2020

Surgical treatment of pathological loss of lumbar lordosis (flatback) in patients with normal sagittal vertical axis achieves similar clinical improvement as surgical treatment of elevated sagittal vertical axis: clinical article

artículo científico publicado en 2014

T1 Slope Minus Cervical Lordosis (TS-CL), the Cervical Answer to PI-LL, Defines Cervical Sagittal Deformity in Patients Undergoing Thoracolumbar Osteotomy

artículo científico publicado en 2018

The Health Impact of Adult Cervical Deformity in Patients Presenting for Surgical Treatment: Comparison to United States Population Norms and Chronic Disease States Based on the EuroQuol-5 Dimensions Questionnaire

artículo científico publicado en 2017

The Health Impact of Symptomatic Adult Spinal Deformity: Comparison of Deformity Types to United States Population Norms and Chronic Diseases.

artículo científico publicado en 2015

The Importance of C2 Slope, a Singular Marker of Cervical Deformity, Correlates With Patient-reported Outcomes

artículo científico publicado en 2020

The Influence of Surgical Intervention and Sagittal Alignment on Frailty in Adult Cervical Deformity

artículo científico publicado en 2019

The Lumbar Pelvic Angle (LPA), the Lumbar Component of the T1 Pelvic Angle, Correlates with HRQOL, PI-LL Mismatch and it Predicts Global Alignment

artículo científico publicado en 2017

The SRS-Schwab adult spinal deformity classification: assessment and clinical correlations based on a prospective operative and nonoperative cohort

artículo científico publicado en 2013

The benefit of nonoperative treatment for adult spinal deformity: identifying predictors for reaching a minimal clinically important difference

artículo científico publicado en 2015

The clinical impact of global coronal malalignment is underestimated in adult patients with thoracolumbar scoliosis

artículo científico publicado en 2020

The impact of osteotomy grade and location on regional and global alignment following cervical deformity surgery

scientific article published on 01 July 2019

The likelihood of reaching minimum clinically important difference and substantial clinical benefit at 2 years following a 3-column osteotomy: analysis of 140 patients

artículo científico publicado en 2015

The morphology of cervical deformities: a two-step cluster analysis to identify cervical deformity patterns

scientific article published on 15 November 2019

The use of patient-reported preoperative activity levels as a stratification tool for short-term and long-term outcomes in patients with adult spinal deformity.

artículo científico publicado en 2018

TheT1 pelvic angle, a novel radiographic measure of global sagittal deformity, accounts for both spinal inclination and pelvic tilt and correlates with health-related quality of life

artículo científico publicado en 2014

Three-column osteotomy for correction of cervical and cervicothoracic deformities: alignment changes and early complications in a multicenter prospective series of 23 patients

artículo científico publicado en 2017

Under-Correction of Sagittal Deformities Based on Age-Adjusted Alignment Thresholds Leads to Worse HRQOL While Over-Correction Provides No Additional Benefit

artículo científico publicado en 2017

What Factors Predict the Risk of Proximal Junctional Failure in the Long Term, Demographic, Surgical, or Radiographic?: Results From a Time-dependent ROC Curve

scientific article published on 01 June 2019

Which daily functions are most affected by stiffness following total lumbar fusion: comparison of upper thoracic and thoracolumbar proximal endpoints

artículo científico publicado en 2015

Lista de obras de

A standardized nomenclature for cervical spine soft-tissue release and osteotomy for deformity correction: clinical article.

Acetabular Anteversion Changes Due to Spinal Deformity Correction: Bridging the Gap Between Hip and Spine Surgeons

Adult Scoliosis Deformity Surgery: Comparison of Outcomes Between 1 vs. 2 Attending Surgeons

Adult Spinal Deformity: Epidemiology, Health Impact, Evaluation, and Management

Assessment of Surgical Treatment Strategies for Moderate to Severe Cervical Spinal Deformity Reveals Marked Variation in Approaches, Osteotomies, and Fusion Levels

Association between preoperative cervical sagittal deformity and inferior outcomes at 2-year follow-up in patients with adult thoracolumbar deformity: analysis of 182 patients

Association of Patient-reported Narcotic Use with Short- and Long-term Outcomes After Adult Spinal Deformity Surgery: Multicenter Study of 425 Patients With 2-year Follow-up.

Cervical mismatch: the normative value of T1 slope minus cervical lordosis and its ability to predict ideal cervical lordosis

Cervical sagittal deformity develops after PJK in adult thoracolumbar deformity correction: radiographic analysis utilizing a novel global sagittal angular parameter, the CTPA.

Clinical Improvement Through Surgery for Adult Spinal Deformity: What Can Be Expected and Who Is Likely to Benefit Most?

Clinical and radiographic parameters associated with best versus worst clinical outcomes in minimally invasive spinal deformity surgery

Clinical improvement through nonoperative treatment of adult spinal deformity: who is likely to benefit?

Clinically Significant Thromboembolic Disease in Adult Spinal Deformity Surgery: Incidence and Risk Factors in 737 Patients.

Comparison of Best Versus Worst Clinical Outcomes for Adult Cervical Deformity Surgery.

Comparison of Structural Disease Burden to Health-related Quality of Life Scores in 264 Adult Spinal Deformity Patients With 2-Year Follow-up: Novel Insights into Drivers of Disability

Comparison of best versus worst clinical outcomes for adult spinal deformity surgery: a retrospective review of a prospectively collected, multicenter database with 2-year follow-up

Comparison of patient and surgeon perceptions of adverse events after adult spinal deformity surgery

Complication Rates and Maintenance of Correction After 3-Column Osteotomy in the Elderly: Report of 55 Patients With 2-Year Follow-up

Complication rates associated with 3-column osteotomy in 82 adult spinal deformity patients: retrospective review of a prospectively collected multicenter consecutive series with 2-year follow-up

Complications and intercenter variability of three-column osteotomies for spinal deformity surgery: a retrospective review of 423 patients

Complications in adult spinal deformity surgery: an analysis of minimally invasive, hybrid, and open surgical techniques

Cost-utility of revisions for cervical deformity correction warrants minimization of reoperations

Determinants of Patient Satisfaction 2 Years After Spinal Deformity Surgery: A Latent Class Analysis

Development of a preoperative predictive model for major complications following adult spinal deformity surgery

Does Minimally Invasive Percutaneous Posterior Instrumentation Reduce Risk of Proximal Junctional Kyphosis in Adult Spinal Deformity Surgery? A Propensity-Matched Cohort Analysis.

Does Recombinant Human Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 (rhBMP-2) Use in Adult Spinal Deformity (ASD) Increase Complications and Are Complications Associated With Location of rhBMP-2 Use?: A Prospective, Multicenter Study of 279 Consecutive Patients

Effect of Antifibrinolytic Therapy on Complications, Thromboembolic Events, Blood Product Utilization, and Fusion in Adult Spinal Deformity Surgery

Effect of Obesity on Radiographic Alignment and Short-Term Complications After Surgical Treatment of Adult Cervical Deformity

Effective Prevention of Proximal Junctional Failure in Adult Spinal Deformity Surgery Requires a Combination of Surgical Implant Prophylaxis and Avoidance of Sagittal Alignment Overcorrection

Effectiveness of preoperative autologous blood donation for protection against allogeneic blood exposure in adult spinal deformity surgeries: a propensity-matched cohort analysis

Evolution in Surgical Approach, Complications, and Outcomes in an Adult Spinal Deformity Surgery Multicenter Study Group Patient Population

Grading of Complications After Cervical Deformity-corrective Surgery: Are Existing Classification Systems Applicable?

Impact of age on the likelihood of reaching a minimum clinically important difference in 374 three-column spinal osteotomies: clinical article

Impact of obesity on complications, infection, and patient-reported outcomes in adult spinal deformity surgery

Impact of poor mental health in adult spinal deformity patients with poor physical function: a retrospective analysis with a 2-year follow-up

Improvement in Back and Leg Pain and Disability Following Adult Spinal Deformity Surgery: Study of 324 Patients With 2-year Follow-up and the Impact of Surgery on Patient-reported Outcomes

Indicators for Nonroutine Discharge Following Cervical Deformity-Corrective Surgery: Radiographic, Surgical, and Patient-Related Factors

Intraoperative alignment goals for distinctive sagittal morphotypes of severe cervical deformity to achieve optimal improvements in health-related quality of life measures

Magnitude of preoperative cervical lordotic compensation and C2-T3 angle are correlated to increased risk of postoperative sagittal spinal pelvic malalignment in adult thoracolumbar deformity patients at 2-year follow-up

Maintenance of radiographic correction at 2 years following lumbar pedicle subtraction osteotomy is superior with upper thoracic compared with thoracolumbar junction upper instrumented vertebra.

Male sex may not be associated with worse outcomes in primary all-posterior adult spinal deformity surgery: a multicenter analysis

Novel Angular Measures of Cervical Deformity Account for Upper Cervical Compensation and Sagittal Alignment

Orientation of the Upper-Most Instrumented Segment Influences Proximal Junctional Disease Following Adult Spinal Deformity Surgery

Outcomes of Operative Treatment for Adult Cervical Deformity: A Prospective Multicenter Assessment With 1-Year Follow-up

Outcomes of Operative and Nonoperative Treatment for Adult Spinal Deformity: A Prospective, Multicenter, Propensity-Matched Cohort Assessment With Minimum 2-Year Follow-up

Patient Satisfaction After Adult Spinal Deformity Surgery Does Not Strongly Correlate With Health-Related Quality of Life Scores, Radiographic Parameters, or Occurrence of Complications.

Patients with adult spinal deformity treated operatively report greater baseline pain and disability than patients treated nonoperatively; however, deformities differ between age groups

Patients with spinal deformity over the age of 75: a retrospective analysis of operative versus non-operative management

Pedicle Subtraction Osteotomy in the Revision Versus Primary Adult Spinal Deformity Patient: Is There a Difference in Correction and Complications?

Postoperative Recovery After Adult Spinal Deformity Surgery: Comparative Analysis of Age in 149 Patients During 2-year Follow-up

Postoperative cervical deformity in 215 thoracolumbar patients with adult spinal deformity: prevalence, risk factors, and impact on patient-reported outcome and satisfaction at 2-year follow-up

Predicting extended operative time and length of inpatient stay in cervical deformity corrective surgery

Predictors of Revision Surgical Procedure Excluding Wound Complications in Adult Spinal Deformity and Impact on Patient-Reported Outcomes and Satisfaction: A Two-Year Follow-up

Preoperative Planning for Pedicle Subtraction Osteotomy: Does Pelvic Tilt Matter?

Prevalence and type of cervical deformity among 470 adults with thoracolumbar deformity

Prospective Multicenter Assessment of All-Cause Mortality Following Surgery for Adult Cervical Deformity.

Prospective Multicenter Assessment of Early Complication Rates Associated With Adult Cervical Deformity Surgery in 78 Patients

Prospective multicenter assessment of perioperative and minimum 2-year postoperative complication rates associated with adult spinal deformity surgery

Prospective multicenter assessment of risk factors for rod fracture following surgery for adult spinal deformity

Radiographic Outcomes of Adult Spinal Deformity Correction: A Critical Analysis of Variability and Failures Across Deformity Patterns

Radiographical and Implant-Related Complications in Adult Spinal Deformity Surgery: Incidence, Patient Risk Factors, and Impact on Health-Related Quality of Life

Radiographical spinopelvic parameters and disability in the setting of adult spinal deformity: a prospective multicenter analysis.

Reciprocal Changes in Cervical Alignment After Thoracolumbar Arthrodesis for Adult Spinal Deformity

Reciprocal changes in cervical spine alignment after corrective thoracolumbar deformity surgery.

Recovery following adult spinal deformity surgery: the effect of complications and reoperation in 149 patients with 2-year follow-up

Recovery kinetics following spinal deformity correction: a comparison of isolated cervical, thoracolumbar, and combined deformity morphometries

Recurrent Proximal Junctional Kyphosis: Incidence, Risk Factors, Revision Rates, and Outcomes at 2-Year Minimum Follow-up

Reliability assessment of a novel cervical spine deformity classification system

Reoperation rates and impact on outcome in a large, prospective, multicenter, adult spinal deformity database: clinical article

Revision Surgery After Three-Column Osteotomy in 335 Adult Spinal Deformity Patients: Inter-Center Variability and Risk Factors

Should Sagittal Spinal Alignment Targets for Adult Spinal Deformity Correction Depend on Pelvic Incidence and Age?

Surgical treatment of pathological loss of lumbar lordosis (flatback) in patients with normal sagittal vertical axis achieves similar clinical improvement as surgical treatment of elevated sagittal vertical axis: clinical article

T1 Slope Minus Cervical Lordosis (TS-CL), the Cervical Answer to PI-LL, Defines Cervical Sagittal Deformity in Patients Undergoing Thoracolumbar Osteotomy

The Health Impact of Adult Cervical Deformity in Patients Presenting for Surgical Treatment: Comparison to United States Population Norms and Chronic Disease States Based on the EuroQuol-5 Dimensions Questionnaire

The Health Impact of Symptomatic Adult Spinal Deformity: Comparison of Deformity Types to United States Population Norms and Chronic Diseases.

The Importance of C2 Slope, a Singular Marker of Cervical Deformity, Correlates With Patient-reported Outcomes

The Influence of Surgical Intervention and Sagittal Alignment on Frailty in Adult Cervical Deformity

The Lumbar Pelvic Angle (LPA), the Lumbar Component of the T1 Pelvic Angle, Correlates with HRQOL, PI-LL Mismatch and it Predicts Global Alignment

The SRS-Schwab adult spinal deformity classification: assessment and clinical correlations based on a prospective operative and nonoperative cohort